![\"The](\"https:\/\/chopwoodcarrywaterllc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/verdict.jpg\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
The Verdict of the People<\/em>\u00a01854\u20131855[i]<\/a><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Takeaways.<\/strong><\/p>\n \u2018Well-considered\u2019 policy. <\/strong><\/p>\n These entries discuss organizations\u2019 responses to policymakers\u2019 proposals, namely acceptance or by seeking to modify policymakers\u2019 aims or through opposition based on organizational charters or other foundational documents. [iii]<\/a><\/p>\n This writer contends the \u201cspace\u201d or, more aptly, the \u201ctension,\u201d between policymakers\u2019 aims and organizations\u2019 raison d’\u00eatre<\/em>, is the fulcrum by which public policy is made or, in the case of agency regulations, refined. That well-considered public policy will result in this process is open to interpretation but considered normative,[iv]<\/a> given advocacy may be seen as \u201cnot mainly a struggle among competing interests over highly collective goods. Rather, it’s the public provision of private goods.\u201d [v]<\/a> And more to the point, \u201cthis shift in understanding influences our perception of the strengths and weaknesses of American democracy,\u201d a point Lowi makes. \u201c [vi]<\/a><\/p>\n The electorate, policymakers and clientele memberships. <\/strong><\/p>\n No matter, none other than an elected state level policymaker points out, in response to the two blog entries, policymakers, unlike organizations, are empowered by the electorate to exercise authority through adoption of rules, regulations, statutes, given the vantage of a 30,000 foot, 360 stance, although policymakers\u2019 actions may greatly impact the \u201cground-level,\u201d including classrooms, work sites, commerce and regulated ventures.[vii]<\/a><\/p>\n Accordingly, the \u201ctension\u201d described above may be expressed differently: how do policymakers \u201cbalance\u201d mandates of the electorate with organizational or client pressures, given that segments of the electorate may be members of clientele groups or associations from farmers (West Virginia Farm Bureau) to budding businesspersons (Young Entrepreneurs),<\/em> manufacturers (West Virginia Manufacturers), to those who support various causes from the ACLU West Virginia to \u00a0the National Rifle Association (NRA).[viii]<\/a><\/p>\n Consider these responses:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0In camera<\/em><\/strong>[xiii]<\/strong><\/em><\/a> and\u00a0 legislative process considerations.<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Does\u00a0policy emerge from largely private (as\u00a0in camera<\/em>\u00a0can be defined),[xiv]<\/a>\u00a0settings, meaning the legislative process is essentially scripted or dictated \u201cbehind the scenes?\u201d<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Whether this observation, routinely proffered by the news media and, to use an archaic term, \u201cgoo-goos,\u201d[xv]<\/a> is true, partly true, partly true\/partly false, \u00a0or patently untrue, advocacy\u00a0in camera<\/em>\u00a0assuredly occurs through policymakers\u2019 assent. Indeed, organizational advocates hope to secure favorable access for their clients, but with the routine disclaimer access alone doesn\u2019t always convert into aspirational policies, rules, regulations or statutes. And, for those organizations who enlist support to advocates, advocacy is for the fearless \u2013 that is, those who can traverse marble halls, navigating the complexities of process, including timelines, meetings, public hearings and numerous other points of engagement client advocacy requires.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Policymaking process is critical:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Questions regarding alignment to policymakers\u2019 aims. <\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n The degree to which an organization is successful in securing policymakers\u2019 use of their organizational input depends on some alignment with policymakers\u2019 aims, which may be contrary to organizational goals and objectives.<\/p>\n Accordingly:<\/p>\n An ages-old question. <\/strong><\/p>\n If policymaking amounted to conversion of data, facts, information organizations provide, would decisionmaking by\u00a0 Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) suffice? Nope. Think juries.[xviii]<\/a> Policymakers and organizations vie to interpret<\/em> information conveyed, especially impact on clientele and\/or the electorate, although policymakers may ignore the tidied rationality organizational (or agencies\u2019) information or public sentiments proffer. [xix]<\/a><\/p>\n In the second blog, we discussed how the \u201csky,\u201d \u00a0which \u201cholds\u201d the weather, provides policymakers an \u00a0\u201celevational\u201d domain.[xx]<\/a> Organizations may embrace or resist policymakers\u2019 aims, beefing up organizational weatherproofing. [xxi]<\/a><\/p>\n Given non-negotiables, can organizations align goals with emergent policymakers\u2019 aims? <\/strong><\/p>\n Can organizations use accorded missional goals and objectives to imprint or lay claim to aspects of newly evocated truths, taking rightful risks, even \u00a0promoting innovation and creativity?<\/p>\n The summative blog entry related to this topic includes this writer\u2019s \u201cbaker\u2019s dozen\u201d strategies to both promote organizational advocacy without displacing non-negotiables.<\/p>\n [i]<\/a> George Caleb Bingham\u00a0(1811 \u20131879), U.S. artist, soldier and politician known in his lifetime as “the Missouri Artist.\u201d His paintings of American frontier life along the\u00a0Missouri River exemplify the \u201cLuminist\u201d style. \u201cThe Verdict of the People\u201d is the last painting of three in Bingham\u2019s \u201cElection Series.\u201d \u00a0This painting depicts the end of the story represented in the series by showing the electoral process\u2019s climax and the announcement of the election results. Bingham depicts a densely crowded scene conveying the diversity of the voting populace in detail. \u201cThe Verdict of the People\u201d shows the men gathered in the street to express both triumph and disappointment in the election results. Women who were not yet allowed to vote in Bingham\u2019s time look on from a balcony in the top right. Comedic elements and different narrative details have been included in the composition to appealed to the broader American national interest in life on the frontier. Source: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Caleb_Bingham#\/media\/File:George_Caleb_Bingham_-_The_Verdict_of_the_People.jpg<\/u><\/p>\n [ii]<\/a> The End of Liberalism: The Second Republic of the United States<\/em>, 2nd<\/sup> ed. By Theodore J. Lowi. (New York: W.W. Norton, 1979. P. 280).<\/p>\n [iii]<\/a> https:\/\/chopwoodcarrywaterllc.com\/index.php\/2023\/11\/27\/state-level-policymaking-bodies-and-organizations-weather-climate-analogies-relating-to-policy-determination\/<\/a> and https:\/\/chopwoodcarrywaterllc.com\/index.php\/2023\/11\/01\/chop-wood-carry-water-2\/<\/a>, respectively.<\/p>\n [iv]<\/a> \u201cThe difference between a politician and a statesman is that a politician thinks about the next election while the statesman thinks about the next generation.\u201d – James Freeman Clarke. A recent newspaper opinion post stated, \u201cWe have no shortage of politics these days, but statesmanship is harder to find than a total eclipse of the sun. Why? Possibly because conventional wisdom that\u2019s rooted in power, money, and control rather than public service guides our nation\u2019s politics.\u201d \u00a0https:\/\/www.denverpost.com\/2023\/02\/20\/presidents-day<\/a>.<\/p>\n [v]<\/a> Political inquiry as well as political action, therefore, \u201cdepends for its success not simply on the methods that enable us to solve problems, but also on \u201cthe judgement that enables us to appreciate which questions remain most worth asking<\/u>,\u201d and, by implication, seeking to resolve through political means.\u201d (Hanley, 2004<\/a>:A (2011) The promises, problems, and potentials of a Bourdieu-inspired staging of International Relations.\u00a0International Political Sociology<\/em>\u00a05(3): 294\u2013313. (Underlined text by this writer.)<\/p>\n [vi]<\/a> Lowi contends, \u201cThe government expanded by responding to the demands of all major organized interests, by assuming responsibility for programs sought by those interests, and by assigning that responsibility to administrative agencies. Through the process of accommodation, the agencies became captives of the interest groups, a tendency Lowi describes as clientelism, which Lowi unabashedly contends \u201ctightened the grip of interest groups on the machinery of government.\u201d<\/p>\n [vii]<\/a>\u00a0 https:\/\/chopwoodcarrywaterllc.com\/index.php\/2023\/11\/27\/state-level-policymaking-bodies-and-organizations-weather-climate-analogies-relating-to-policy-determination\/<\/a><\/p>\n [viii]<\/a> Refer to the following for a list of organizations for which registered lobbyists are listed: https:\/\/ethics.wv.gov\/SiteCollectionDocuments\/Lobby\/Directory\/Lobbyist%20Directory%202023\/DECEMBER%202023\/Lobbyist%20Directory%2012-15-2023.pdf<\/p>\n [ix]<\/a> https:\/\/oll.libertyfund.org\/title\/schleifer-democracy-in-america-historical-critical-edition-vol-3<\/a><\/p>\n [x]<\/a> Edmund Burke provides two additional thoughts:<\/p>\n [xi]<\/a> Barbara Jordan (Barbara Charline Jordan)\u00a0(1936 \u2013 1996), U.S. lawyer, educator, and politician. A Democrat, she was the first African American elected to the Texas Senate\u00a0after\u00a0Reconstruction, the first Southern\u00a0African-American woman elected to the United States House of Representatives,\u00a0and one of the first two African Americans elected to the U.S. House from the former Confederacy. \u00a0Jordan achieved notoriety for delivering a powerful opening statement[<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0at the House Judiciary Committee hearings during the impeachment process against Richard Nixon. In 1976, she became the first African American, and the first woman, to deliver a keynote address at a Democratic National Convention (https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbara_Jordan<\/a>).<\/p>\n [xii]<\/a> The main argument Lowi develops is \u00a0that the liberal state grew to its immense size and presence without self-examination and without recognizing that its pattern of growth had problematic consequences. Its engine of growth was delegation. The government expanded by responding to the demands of all major organized interests, by assuming responsibility for programs sought by those interests, and by assigning that responsibility to administrative agencies. Through the process of accommodation, the agencies became captives of the interest groups, a tendency Lowi describes as clientelism. This in turn led to the formulation of new policies which tightened the grip of interest groups on the machinery of government. https:\/\/wwnorton.com\/books\/9780393934328\/about-the-book\/description<\/a><\/p>\n [xiii]<\/a> Refer, among other sources, to https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/wex\/in_camera#:~:text=In%20camera%20is%20a%20Latin,not%20allowed%20to%20take%20part<\/p>\n [xiv]<\/a> The \u201cgoo-goos,\u201d or good government guys, were political groups working in the early 1900s to reform urban municipal governments in the United States that were dominated by graft and corruption. Goo-goos supported candidates who would fight for political reform. The term was first used in the 1890s by their detractors. An<\/p>\n outmoded term.<\/p>\n [xv]<\/a> These sentiments may be expressed as \u201cbipartisanism,\u201d incrementalism, or efforts to vacate partisan extremism. Incrementalism was first developed in the 1950s by the American political scientist\u00a0Charles E. Lindblom in response to the then-prevalent\u00a0conception of policy making as a process of rational analysis culminating in a value-maximizing decision. Incrementalism emphasizes the plurality of actors involved in the policy-making process and predicts that policy makers will build on past policies, focusing on incremental rather than wholesale changes. Incrementalism has been fruitfully applied to explain domestic policy making,\u00a0foreign policymaking, and public budgeting .https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/incrementalism<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n [xvi]<\/a> This definition sees \u201cIn politics, a \u2018base\u2019 referring to a group of voters who consistently support a particular political party, candidate, or set of policies. These individuals are often the most loyal and engaged supporters, and they can be relied upon to turn out to vote in elections and to advocate for their preferred candidates or causes. Provided by writer, based on several definitions.<\/p>\n [xvii]<\/a> https:\/\/mccourt.georgetown.edu\/news\/how-do-policymakers-decide-whom-to-help\/<\/p>\n [xviii]<\/a> \u201cJurors possess unique qualities that cannot be replicated by AI systems, such as empathy, common sense, and the ability to evaluate witness credibility based on non-verbal cues. [xix]<\/a> https:\/\/chopwoodcarrywaterllc.com\/index.php\/2023\/11\/27\/state-level-policymaking-bodies-and-organizations-weather-climate-analogies-relating-to-policy-determination\/<\/a><\/p>\n [xx]<\/a> https:\/\/chopwoodcarrywaterllc.com\/index.php\/2023\/11\/27\/state-level-policymaking-bodies-and-organizations-weather-climate-analogies-relating-to-policy-determination\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\nIn the future of jury trials, AI should be seen as a tool that supports and enhances human decision-making, rather than replacing it.\u201d \u00a0Source<\/u><\/strong>: Claims and Litigation Management Alliance. https:\/\/www.theclm.org\/Magazine\/articles\/ai-and-the-future-of-jury-trials\/2731#:~:text=Jurors%20possess%20unique%20qualities%20that,making%2C%20rather%20than%20replacing%20it<\/a>.<\/p>\n